References: Regina Obe Leo Hsu 著, 丁奇鹏 译, 《PostgreSQL 即学即用》.
假设采用的是默认安装. 在Windows 下, PostgreSQL 的配置文件默认存放在主数据文件（例如
有下面几个配置文件
hba 是 host-based authentication 的缩写, 意思是基于主机的身份验证. 该文件用于控制访问安全性, 管理客户端对 PostgreSQL 服务器的访问权限, 内容包括:
这个文件与身份验证有关. 当 pg_hba.conf 的权限控制信息中的身份验证模式字段指定为 ident 时, 则用户连接系统时系统会尝试访问 pg_ident.conf 文件. 如果该文件存在, 则系统会基于文件内容将当前执行登录操作的操作系统用户映射为一个 PostgreSQL 数据库内部用户的身份来登录.
有些人会把操作系统的 root 用户映射为 PostgreSQL 的 postgres 超级用户账号. 如果没有作映射, 则会出现如下 Peer 身份验证失败的提示.
haifeng@LAPTOP-Q34L5TP8:~> psql -Upostgres psql: error: connection to server on socket "/run/postgresql/.s.PGSQL.5432" failed: FATAL: Peer authentication failed for user "postgres"
在PostgreSQL中, Peer身份验证是一种针对本地连接的身份验证方法. 默认情况下, 它使用操作系统的用户和组来验证PostgreSQL的用户身份. 当出现上述错误消息时, 这意味着系统用户和PostgreSQL用户之间存在不匹配或未正确配置的问题.
该配置文件是在 PostgreSQL 9.4 中引入的. 在任何时候执行
该文件包含一些通用设置, 比如内存分配、新建数据库的默认存储位置、PostgreSQL服务器的IP地址、日志的位置以及许多其他设置.
SELECT name, setting FROM pg_settings WHERE category='File Locations';
不过需要使用超级用户才能查询.
postgres=# SELECT name, setting FROM pg_settings WHERE category='File Locations';
name | setting
-------------------+-------------------------------------
config_file | /var/lib/pgsql/data/postgresql.conf
data_directory | /var/lib/pgsql/data
external_pid_file |
hba_file | /var/lib/pgsql/data/pg_hba.conf
ident_file | /var/lib/pgsql/data/pg_ident.conf
(5 rows)
注意, 如果是普通用户查询, 则返回空.
PS C:\Users\haife> psql -U haife -d sowya 用户 haife 的口令： psql (17.6) 输入 "help" 来获取帮助信息. sowya=> SELECT * FROM pg_settings WHERE category='File Locations'; name | setting | unit | category | short_desc | extra_desc | context | vartype | source | min_val | max_val | enumvals | boot_val | reset_val | sourcefile | sourceline | pending_restart ------+---------+------+----------+------------+------------+---------+---------+--------+---------+---------+----------+----------+-----------+------------+------------+----------------- (0 行记录)
内容是
pg_hba.conf 是客户端身份验证配置文件. 该文件可以控制哪些用户(主机)以何种方式连接到 PostgreSQL 数据库. 针对该文件的修改可动态生效.
此文件在服务器启动并在接收到SIGHUP信号时被读取. 如果在系统运行时编辑此文件, 则必须给系统以SIGHUP信号使配置生效, 这可以通过运行命令
文件中每行内容形如
| local | DATABASE | USER | METHOD | [OPTIONS] | |
| host | DATABASE | USER | ADDRESS | METHOD | [OPTIONS] |
| hostssl | DATABASE | USER | ADDRESS | METHOD | [OPTIONS] |
| hostnossl | DATABASE | USER | ADDRESS | METHOD | [OPTIONS] |
| hostgssenc | DATABASE | USER | ADDRESS | METHOD | [OPTIONS] |
| hostnogssenc | DATABASE | USER | ADDRESS | METHOD | [OPTIONS] |
每一行由若干项组成, 其中大写的项必须替换为真实值.
第一项是指连接类型:
项 DATABASE 的值可以是 "all", "sameuser", "samerole", "replication", 一个数据库名, 一个正则表达式(如果以斜杠/开始) 或一个以逗号分隔的列表. 其中关键字 "all" 不匹配 "replication". Access to replication must be enabled in a separated record(访问 replication 必须在单独的记录中启用, 见下面的例子).
项 USER 可以是 "all"、某个用户名、一个以"+"为前缀的组名、一个正则表达式(如果它以斜杠/为开始)或一个以逗号为分隔符的列表. 在 DATABASE 和 USER 两个域中, 都可以写一个以 "@" 开头的文件名, 用来包含来自该独立文件中的名称.
项 ADDRESS 指定记录所匹配的主机地址. 它的值可以是某个主机名, 或由一个IP地址和一个CIDR掩码构成(掩码是一个整数, 对于IPv4是0到32之间的一个整数, 对于IPv6是0到128之间的一个整数). 以 . 开头的主机名匹配实际主机名的后缀. 或者, 你可以在单独的列中写下IP地址和子网掩码, 以指定主机集. 您可以写 "samehost" 来匹配服务器的任何 IP 地址, 或者写 "samenet" 来匹配服务器直接连接的任何子网中的任何地址, 而不是使用 CIDR 地址.
Classless Inter-Domain Routing 指无类别域间路由, 简称CIDR, 是一种IP地址分配方法, 它提高了互联网数据路由的效率.
项 METHOD 可以是 "trust", "reject", "md5", "password", "scram-sha-256", "gss", "sspi", "ident", "peer", "pam", "ldap", "radius" or "cert".
项 OPTIONS 是一组用于身份验证的选项, 格式为 NAME=VALUE. 可用选项取决于不同的身份验证方法——请参阅文档中的“客户端身份验证”部分, 以获取哪些身份验证方法可用的选项列表.
Database和user如果包含空格、逗号、引号及其他特殊字符的必须加引号. 给关键字 "all", "sameuser", "samerole" 或 "replication" 加上引号会使名称失去其特殊意义, 并仅匹配一个具有该名称的数据库或用户名.
该文件允许包含外部文件或目录，使用以下关键字来保存更多记录：
# include FILE # include_if_exists FILE # include_dir DIRECTORY
FILE 是要包含的文件名称, DIRECTORY 是要包含目录的名称。目录中的任何以 ".conf" 为后缀的文件都会被加载. 目录中的文件按名称排序. include_if_exists 会忽略缺失的文件. FILE 和 DIRECTORY 可以用相对路径或绝对路径指定, 如果其中包含空格则可以用双引号括起来.
若要允许非本地连接, 则需添加更多的 "host" 记录. 在这种情况下, 还需要通过 listen_addresses 配置参数, 或通过 -i 或 -h 命令行选项使 PostgreSQL 监听非本地接口.
Windows 下的 pg_hba.conf 文件.
# TYPE DATABASE USER ADDRESS METHOD # "local" is for Unix domain socket connections only local all all scram-sha-256 # IPv4 local connections: host all all 127.0.0.1/32 scram-sha-256 # IPv6 local connections: host all all ::1/128 scram-sha-256 # Allow replication connections from localhost, by a user with the # replication privilege. local replication all scram-sha-256 host replication all 127.0.0.1/32 scram-sha-256 host replication all ::1/128 scram-sha-256
Linux 下的 pg_hba.conf 文件.
# TYPE DATABASE USER ADDRESS METHOD # "local" is for Unix domain socket connections only local all all peer # IPv4 local connections: host all all 127.0.0.1/32 ident # IPv6 local connections: host all all ::1/128 ident # Allow replication connections from localhost, by a user with the # replication privilege. local replication all peer host replication all 127.0.0.1/32 ident host replication all ::1/128 ident
该文件控制PostgreSQL的用户名映射. 它将外部用户名映射到相应的PostgreSQL用户名.
记录的格式为:
MAPNAME SYSTEM-USERNAME PG-USERNAME
(这里大写的英文单词必须替换为实际值.)
同样的, 此文件也可以包含外部文件, 方式与 pg_hba.conf 中的一样.
此文件在服务器启动且当主进程接收到 SIGHUP 信号时被读取, 如果在运行的系统上编辑此文件, 则必须向主进程发送 SIGHUP 信号以使更改生效. 可以使用 "pg_ctl reload" 来执行此操作.
这些设置都可以在 pg_settings 视图中查询. 例如: 查询名称中含有 wal 的设定项, 显示其名称和设定值.
postgres=# SELECT name, setting FROM pg_settings WHERE name LIKE '%wal%';
name | setting
-------------------------------+-----------
max_slot_wal_keep_size | -1
max_wal_senders | 10
max_wal_size | 1024
min_wal_size | 80
summarize_wal | off
track_wal_io_timing | off
wal_block_size | 8192
wal_buffers | 512
wal_compression | off
wal_consistency_checking |
wal_decode_buffer_size | 524288
wal_init_zero | on
wal_keep_size | 0
wal_level | replica
wal_log_hints | off
wal_receiver_create_temp_slot | off
wal_receiver_status_interval | 10
wal_receiver_timeout | 60000
wal_recycle | on
wal_retrieve_retry_interval | 5000
wal_segment_size | 16777216
wal_sender_timeout | 60000
wal_skip_threshold | 2048
wal_summary_keep_time | 14400
wal_sync_method | fdatasync
wal_writer_delay | 200
wal_writer_flush_after | 128
(27 rows)
mydb=> \d pg_settings
视图 "pg_catalog.pg_settings"
栏位 | 类型 | 校对规则 | 可空的 | 预设
-----------------+---------+----------+--------+------
name | text | | |
setting | text | | |
unit | text | | |
category | text | | |
short_desc | text | | |
extra_desc | text | | |
context | text | | |
vartype | text | | |
source | text | | |
min_val | text | | |
max_val | text | | |
enumvals | text[] | | |
boot_val | text | | |
reset_val | text | | |
sourcefile | text | | |
sourceline | integer | | |
pending_restart | boolean | | |
使用
mydb=> \d+ pg_settings
视图 "pg_catalog.pg_settings"
栏位 | 类型 | 校对规则 | 可空的 | 预设 | 存储 | 描述
-----------------+---------+----------+--------+------+----------+------
name | text | | | | extended |
setting | text | | | | extended |
unit | text | | | | extended |
category | text | | | | extended |
short_desc | text | | | | extended |
extra_desc | text | | | | extended |
context | text | | | | extended |
vartype | text | | | | extended |
source | text | | | | extended |
min_val | text | | | | extended |
max_val | text | | | | extended |
enumvals | text[] | | | | extended |
boot_val | text | | | | extended |
reset_val | text | | | | extended |
sourcefile | text | | | | extended |
sourceline | integer | | | | plain |
pending_restart | boolean | | | | plain |
视图定义:
SELECT name,
setting,
unit,
category,
short_desc,
extra_desc,
context,
vartype,
source,
min_val,
max_val,
enumvals,
boot_val,
reset_val,
sourcefile,
sourceline,
pending_restart
FROM pg_show_all_settings() a(name, setting, unit, category, short_desc, extra_desc, context, vartype, source, min_val, max_val, enumvals, boot_val, reset_val, sourcefile, sourceline, pending_restart);
规则：
pg_settings_n AS
ON UPDATE TO pg_settings DO INSTEAD NOTHING
pg_settings_u AS
ON UPDATE TO pg_settings
WHERE new.name = old.name DO SELECT set_config(old.name, new.setting, false) AS set_config
mydb=>
执行
mydb=> select pg_show_all_settings();
pg_show_all_settings
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(allow_alter_system,on,,"版本和平台兼容性 / 其它平台和客户端","Allows running the ALTER SYSTEM command.","Can be set to off for environments where global configuration changes should be made using a different method.",sighup,bool,default,,,,on,on,,,f)
(allow_in_place_tablespaces,off,,开发人员选项,"Allows tablespaces directly inside pg_tblspc, for testing.",,superuser,bool,default,,,,off,off,,,f)
(allow_system_table_mods,off,,开发人员选项,允许修改系统表的结构.,,superuser,bool,default,,,,off,off,,,f)
(application_name,psql,,"报告和日志 / 日志内容",设置在统计和日志中出现的应用程序名称.,,user,string,client,,,,"",psql,,,f)
(archive_cleanup_command,"",,"预写式日志 / 归档恢复",设置将在每个重新启动点执行的shell命令.,,sighup,string,default,,,,"","",,,f)
(archive_command,"(disabled)",,"预写式日志 / 归档",设置用于对WAL文件进行归档的shell命令,"This is used only if ""archive_library"" is not set.",sighup,string,default,,,,"","",,,f)
(archive_library,"",,"预写式日志 / 归档","Sets the library that will be called to archive a WAL file.","An empty string indicates that ""archive_command"" should be used.",sighup,string,default,,,,"","",,,f)
(archive_mode,off,,"预写式日志 / 归档","Allows archiving of WAL files using ""archive_command"".",,postmaster,enum,default,,,"{always,on,off}",off,off,,,f)
(archive_timeout,0,s,"预写式日志 / 归档","Sets the amount of time to wait before forcing a switch to the next WAL file.",,sighup,integer,default,0,1073741823,,0,0,,,f)
(array_nulls,on,,"版本和平台兼容性 / 上一个 PostgreSQL 版本",在数组中启用空值成员输入,当打开这个选项的时候，在数组输入值中没有引用的NULL表示空值;否则是按照字面上的含义进行解释.,user,bool,default,,,,on,on,,,f)
(authentication_timeout,60,s,"连接和身份验证 / 身份验证",设置完成客户端认证的需要等待的最长时间,,sighup,integer,default,1,600,,60,60,,,f)
(autovacuum,on,,Autovacuum,启动autovacuum子进程.,,sighup,bool,default,,,,on,on,,,f)
(autovacuum_analyze_scale_factor,0.1,,Autovacuum,"在分析前插入,更新或删除元组的数量，这个数量以表大小的百分比的形式出现",,sighup,real,default,0,100,,0.1,0.1,,,f
(autovacuum_analyze_threshold,50,,Autovacuum,分析前可插入，更新或删除元组的最小数量,,sighup,integer,default,0,2147483647,,50,50,,,f)
(autovacuum_freeze_max_age,200000000,,Autovacuum,这是应该自动清理一张表以避免事务ID重叠的时间段.,,postmaster,integer,default,100000,2000000000,,200000000,200000000,,,f)
(autovacuum_max_workers,3,,Autovacuum,设置最大可同时运行的autovacuum工作进程数量,,postmaster,integer,default,1,262143,,3,3,,,f)
(autovacuum_multixact_freeze_max_age,400000000,,Autovacuum,自动清理一张表以避免事务ID重叠的时间范围.,,postmaster,integer,default,10000,2000000000,,400000000,400000000,,,f)
(autovacuum_naptime,60,s,Autovacuum,两次运行autovacuum进程的休眠时间,,sighup,integer,default,1,2147483,,60,60,,,f)
(autovacuum_vacuum_cost_delay,2,ms,Autovacuum,"对于autovacuum来说,Vacuum开销延迟是以毫秒为单位",,sighup,real,default,-1,100,,2,2,,,f)
(autovacuum_vacuum_cost_limit,-1,,Autovacuum,对于autovacuum进程，在暂停前前进行清理有效开销总量.,,sighup,integer,default,-1,10000,,-1,-1,,,f)
(autovacuum_vacuum_insert_scale_factor,0.2,,Autovacuum,"Number of tuple inserts prior to vacuum as a fraction of reltuples.",,sighup,real,default,0,100,,0.2,0.2,,,f)
(autovacuum_vacuum_insert_threshold,1000,,Autovacuum,"Minimum number of tuple inserts prior to vacuum, or -1 to disable insert vacuums.",,sighup,integer,default,-1,2147483647,,1000,1000,,,f)
(autovacuum_vacuum_scale_factor,0.2,,Autovacuum,"在清理前需要插入,删除或更新元组的数量，这个数量是作为表大小的百分比",,sighup,real,default,0,100,,0.2,0.2,,,f)
(autovacuum_vacuum_threshold,50,,Autovacuum,设置激活清理操作所需要最小数量的更新或删除元组.,,sighup,integer,default,0,2147483647,,50,50,,,f)
(autovacuum_work_mem,-1,kB,"资源使用 / 内存","设置每个自动清理(autovacuum)工作进程要使用的最大内存数.",,sighup,integer,default,-1,2097151,,-1,-1,,,f)
(backend_flush_after,0,8kB,"资源使用 / 异步系统行为",页面数，在此之后以前执行的写操作会被刷写到磁盘。,,user,integer,default,0,256,,0,0,,,f)
(backslash_quote,safe_encoding,,"版本和平台兼容性 / 上一个 PostgreSQL 版本","在字符串常量中设置是否允许使用""\\'""",,user,enum,default,,,"{safe_encoding,on,off}",safe_encoding,safe_encoding,,,f)
(backtrace_functions,"",,开发人员选项,"Log backtrace for errors in these functions.",,superuser,string,default,,,,"","",,,f)
(bgwriter_delay,200,ms,"资源使用 / 后台写入进程","后台写入进程 (Background writer) 两次运行之间的休眠时间.",,sighup,integer,default,10,10000,,200,200,,,f)
(bgwriter_flush_after,0,8kB,"资源使用 / 后台写入进程",页面数，在此之后以前执行的写操作会被刷写到磁盘。,,sighup,integer,default,0,256,,0,0,,,f)
(bgwriter_lru_maxpages,100,,"资源使用 / 后台写入进程","后台写入进程 (Background writer) 每次可刷新LRU页的最大数量",,sighup,integer,default,0,1073741823,,100,100,,,f)
(bgwriter_lru_multiplier,2,,"资源使用 / 后台写入进程",每一次释放平均缓冲区使用量的倍数大小,,sighup,real,default,0,10,,2,2,,,f)
(block_size,8192,,预置选项,显示一个磁盘块的大小,,internal,integer,default,8192,8192,,8192,8192,,,f)
(bonjour,off,,"联接和认证 / 联接设置",启用通过Bonjour的方式来宣布数据库服务器在网络中的存在.,,postmaster,bool,default,,,,off,off,,,f)
(bonjour_name,"",,"联接和认证 / 联接设置",设置Bonjour服务名称.,,postmaster,string,default,,,,"","",,,f)
(bytea_output,hex,,"客户端联接默认 / 语句动作",设置bytea类型数据的输出格式,,user,enum,default,,,"{escape,hex}",hex,hex,,,f)
(check_function_bodies,on,,"客户端联接默认 / 语句动作","Check routine bodies during CREATE FUNCTION and CREATE PROCEDURE.",,user,bool,default,,,,on,on,,,f)
(checkpoint_completion_target,0.9,,"预写式日志 / Checkpoints","在检查点事件期间花费在将缓冲区中脏页刷新到磁盘的时间， 这个时间作为检查点间隔的百分比。",,sighup,real,default,0,1,,0.9,0.9,,,f
(checkpoint_flush_after,0,8kB,"预写式日志 / Checkpoints",页面数，在此之后以前执行的写操作会被刷写到磁盘。,,sighup,integer,default,0,256,,0,0,,,f)
(checkpoint_timeout,300,s,"预写式日志 / Checkpoints",设置两次自动WAL检查点事件之间需要等待的最大时间,,sighup,integer,default,30,86400,,300,300,,,f)
(checkpoint_warning,30,s,"预写式日志 / Checkpoints","Sets the maximum time before warning if checkpoints triggered by WAL volume happen too frequently.","Write a message to the server log if checkpoints caused by the filling of WAL segment files happen more frequently than this amount of time. Zero turns off the warning.",sighup,integer,default,0,2147483647,,30,30,,,f)
(client_connection_check_interval,0,ms,"Connections and Authentication / TCP Settings","Sets the time interval between checks for disconnection while running queries.",,user,integer,default,0,2147483647,,0,0,,,f)
(client_encoding,GBK,,"客户端联接默认 / 本地化和格式化",设置客户端编码,,user,string,client,,,,SQL_ASCII,GBK,,,f)
(client_min_messages,notice,,"客户端联接默认 / 语句动作",设置发送到客户端的信息级别.,"每一层都包含在这一层后面的层次, 对于越往后的层次，就会发送越少的消息.",user,enum,default,,,"{debug5,debug4,debug3,debug2,debug1,log,notice,warning,error}",notice,notice,,,f)
(cluster_name,"",,"Reporting and Logging / Process Title",设定集簇的名称，它会被包括在进程的标题中。,,postmaster,string,default,,,,"","",,,f)
(commit_delay,0,,"预写式日志 / 设置","设置事物提交和刷新 WAL 到磁盘间的延迟时间, 单位微秒.",,superuser,integer,default,0,100000,,0,0,,,f)
(commit_siblings,5,,"预写式日志 / 设置","Sets the minimum number of concurrent open transactions required before performing ""commit_delay"".",,user,integer,default,0,1000,,5,5,,,f)
(commit_timestamp_buffers,32,8kB,"资源使用 / 内存","Sets the size of the dedicated buffer pool used for the commit timestamp cache.","Specify 0 to have this value determined as a fraction of shared_buffers.",postmaster,integer,default,0,131072,,0,32,,,f)
(compute_query_id,auto,,"统计信息 / 监控","Enables in-core computation of query identifiers.",,superuser,enum,default,,,"{auto,regress,on,off}",auto,auto,,,f)
(constraint_exclusion,partition,,"查询调整 / 其它规划器选项",使计划器可以使用约束来优化查询.,如果约束能够确保没有列符合查询条件，那么将跳过表扫描.,user,enum,default,,,"{partition,on,off}",partition,partition,,,f
(cpu_index_tuple_cost,0.005,,"查询调整 / Planner Cost Constants",设置计划器在索引扫描期间对处理每个索引项的开销估算.,,user,real,default,0,1.79769e+308,,0.005,0.005,,,f)
(cpu_operator_cost,0.0025,,"查询调整 / Planner Cost Constants",设置计划器对处理每个操作符和函数调用的开销估算.,,user,real,default,0,1.79769e+308,,0.0025,0.0025,,,f)
(cpu_tuple_cost,0.01,,"查询调整 / Planner Cost Constants","设置计划器对处理每个元组(也就是记录)的开销估算",,user,real,default,0,1.79769e+308,,0.01,0.01,,,f)
(createrole_self_grant,"",,"客户端联接默认 / 语句动作","Sets whether a CREATEROLE user automatically grants the role to themselves, and with which options.",,user,string,default,,,,"","",,,f)
(cursor_tuple_fraction,0.1,,"查询调整 / 其它规划器选项",设置计划器对于通过游标取回记录部分的估算.,,user,real,default,0,1,,0.1,0.1,,,f)
(data_checksums,off,,预置选项,显示当前簇是否开启数据校验和.,,internal,bool,default,,,,off,off,,,f)
(data_directory_mode,0700,,预置选项,"Shows the mode of the data directory.","参数使用数值模式来指定, 它的形式应该是系统调用chmod和umask可接受的.(为了使用习惯上以0开头的八进制格式数值)",internal,integer,default,0,511,,448,448,,,f
(data_sync_retry,off,,错误处理,同步数据文件失败后是否继续运行.,,postmaster,bool,default,,,,off,off,,,f)
(DateStyle,"ISO, YMD",,"客户端联接默认 / 本地化和格式化",设置日期和时间值的显示格式.,控制对模糊日期输入的解释.,user,string,"configuration file",,,,"ISO, MDY","ISO, YMD",,,f)
(deadlock_timeout,1000,ms,锁管理,在检查死锁前设置在一个锁上的等待时间.,,superuser,integer,default,1,2147483647,,1000,1000,,,f)
(debug_assertions,off,,预置选项,显示正在运行的服务器是否启用了断言检查。,,internal,bool,default,,,,off,off,,,f)
(debug_discard_caches,0,,开发人员选项,"Aggressively flush system caches for debugging purposes.",,superuser,integer,default,0,0,,0,0,,,f)
(debug_io_direct,"",,开发人员选项,"Use direct I/O for file access.",,postmaster,string,default,,,,"","",,,f)
(debug_logical_replication_streaming,buffered,,开发人员选项,"Forces immediate streaming or serialization of changes in large transactions.","On the publisher, it allows streaming or serializing each change in logical decoding. On the subscriber, it allows serialization of all changes to files and notifies the parallel apply workers to read and apply them at the end of the transaction.",user,enum,default,,,"{buffered,immediate}",buffered,buffered,,,f)
(debug_parallel_query,off,,开发人员选项,"Forces the planner's use parallel query nodes.","This can be useful for testing the parallel query infrastructure by forcing the planner to generate plans that contain nodes that perform tuple communication between workers and the main process.",user,enum,default,,,"{off,on,regress}",off,off,,,f)
(debug_pretty_print,on,,"报告和日志 / 日志内容",显示缩进的解析和计划树,,user,bool,default,,,,on,on,,,f)
(debug_print_parse,off,,"报告和日志 / 日志内容",对每个查询的分析树进行日志记录,,user,bool,default,,,,off,off,,,f)
(debug_print_plan,off,,"报告和日志 / 日志内容",记录每一个查询的执行计划,,user,bool,default,,,,off,off,,,f)
(debug_print_rewritten,off,,"报告和日志 / 日志内容",对每个查询的重写分析树进行日志记录,,user,bool,default,,,,off,off,,,f)
(default_statistics_target,100,,"查询调整 / 其它规划器选项",设置默认统计对象.,"在没有通过ALTER TABLE SET STATISTICS产生列定义目标集合的列上使用.",user,integer,default,1,10000,,100,100,,,f
(default_table_access_method,heap,,"客户端联接默认 / 语句动作",设置新表的默认表访问方法.,,user,string,default,,,,heap,heap,,,f)
(default_tablespace,"",,"客户端联接默认 / 语句动作",设置用于创建表和索引的缺省表空间.,使用空字符串表示数据库的缺省表空间.,user,string,default,,,,"","",,,f)
(default_text_search_config,pg_catalog.simple,,"客户端联接默认 / 本地化和格式化",设置缺省文本搜索配置,,user,string,"configuration file",,,,pg_catalog.simple,pg_catalog.simple,,,f)
(default_toast_compression,pglz,,"客户端联接默认 / 语句动作","Sets the default compression method for compressible values.",,user,enum,default,,,"{pglz,lz4}",pglz,pglz,,,f)
(default_transaction_deferrable,off,,"客户端联接默认 / 语句动作",为新事物设置默认的可延迟状态.,,user,bool,default,,,,off,off,,,f)
(default_transaction_isolation,"read committed",,"客户端联接默认 / 语句动作","设置每一个新事物的隔离 (isolation) 级别.",,user,enum,default,,,"{serializable,""repeatable read"",""read committed"",""read uncommitted""}","read committed","read committed",,,f
(default_transaction_read_only,off,,"客户端联接默认 / 语句动作",为新事物设置默认的只读状态.,,user,bool,default,,,,off,off,,,f)
(dynamic_shared_memory_type,windows,,"资源使用 / 内存",选择过去的动态共享内存实现.,,postmaster,enum,"configuration file",,,{windows},windows,windows,,,f)
(effective_cache_size,524288,8kB,"查询调整 / Planner Cost Constants",设置查询计划器对数据缓存总大小的假设.,PostgreSQL数据文件使用的缓存（内核缓存和共享缓冲区）的总大小，这是以磁盘页为单位测量的，通常每个磁盘页为8KB.,user,integer,default,1,2147483647,,524288,524288,,,f)
(effective_io_concurrency,0,,"资源使用 / 异步系统行为",可以由磁盘子系统有效处理的并发请求数量.,,user,integer,default,0,1000,,0,0,,,f)
(enable_async_append,on,,"查询调整 / 规划器方法配置","Enables the planner's use of async append plans.",,user,bool,default,,,,on,on,,,f)
(enable_bitmapscan,on,,"查询调整 / 规划器方法配置",启用查询计划器的位图扫描计划.,,user,bool,default,,,,on,on,,,f)
(enable_gathermerge,on,,"查询调整 / 规划器方法配置",允许查询计划器使用收集合并计划.,,user,bool,default,,,,on,on,,,f) (enable_group_by_reordering,on,,"查询调整 / 规划器方法配置","Enables reordering of GROUP BY keys.",,user,bool,default,,,,on,on,,,f)
(enable_hashagg,on,,"查询调整 / 规划器方法配置",启用查询计划器的哈希聚合计划.,,user,bool,default,,,,on,on,,,f)
(enable_hashjoin,on,,"查询调整 / 规划器方法配置",启用查询计划器的哈希连接计划.,,user,bool,default,,,,on,on,,,f)
(enable_incremental_sort,on,,"查询调整 / 规划器方法配置","Enables the planner's use of incremental sort steps.",,user,bool,default,,,,on,on,,,f)
(enable_indexonlyscan,on,,"查询调整 / 规划器方法配置",启用查询计划器的仅索引扫描计划.,,user,bool,default,,,,on,on,,,f)
(enable_indexscan,on,,"查询调整 / 规划器方法配置",启用查询计划器的索引扫描计划.,,user,bool,default,,,,on,on,,,f)
(enable_material,on,,"查询调整 / 规划器方法配置",启用查询计划器的实体化使用.,,user,bool,default,,,,on,on,,,f)
(enable_memoize,on,,"查询调整 / 规划器方法配置","Enables the planner's use of memoization.",,user,bool,default,,,,on,on,,,f)
(enable_mergejoin,on,,"查询调整 / 规划器方法配置",启用查询计划器的合并连接计划.,,user,bool,default,,,,on,on,,,f)
(enable_nestloop,on,,"查询调整 / 规划器方法配置",启用查询计划器的嵌套循环连接计划.,,user,bool,default,,,,on,on,,,f)
(enable_parallel_append,on,,"查询调整 / 规划器方法配置",启用查询计划器使用并行追加计划.,,user,bool,default,,,,on,on,,,f)
(enable_parallel_hash,on,,"查询调整 / 规划器方法配置",启用查询计划器使用并行哈希计划.,,user,bool,default,,,,on,on,,,f)
(enable_partition_pruning,on,,"查询调整 / 规划器方法配置","Enables plan-time and execution-time partition pruning.",允许查询计划器和执行器将分区边界与查询中的条件进行比较，以确定必须扫描哪些分区,user,bool,default,,,,on,on,,,f)
(enable_partitionwise_aggregate,off,,"查询调整 / 规划器方法配置",启用分区聚合和分组.,,user,bool,default,,,,off,off,,,f)
(enable_partitionwise_join,off,,"查询调整 / 规划器方法配置",启用分区连接.,,user,bool,default,,,,off,off,,,f)
(enable_presorted_aggregate,on,,"查询调整 / 规划器方法配置","Enables the planner's ability to produce plans that provide presorted input for ORDER BY / DISTINCT aggregate functions.","Allows the query planner to build plans that provide presorted input for aggregate functions with an ORDER BY / DISTINCT clause. When disabled, implicit sorts are always performed during execution.",user,bool,default,,,,on,on,,,f)
(enable_seqscan,on,,"查询调整 / 规划器方法配置",启用查询计划器的顺序扫描计划.,,user,bool,default,,,,on,on,,,f)
(enable_sort,on,,"查询调整 / 规划器方法配置",启用查询计划器的显式排序步骤.,,user,bool,default,,,,on,on,,,f)
(enable_tidscan,on,,"查询调整 / 规划器方法配置",启用查询计划器的TID扫描计划.,,user,bool,default,,,,on,on,,,f)
(escape_string_warning,on,,"版本和平台兼容性 / 上一个 PostgreSQL 版本",在顺序字符串文字中关于反斜线转义的警告,,user,bool,default,,,,on,on,,,f)
(event_source,PostgreSQL,,"报告和日志 / 日志位置","设置在事件日志 (syslog) 中用于标识 PostgreSQL 消息的程序名.",,postmaster,string,default,,,,PostgreSQL,PostgreSQL,,,f)
(event_triggers,on,,"客户端联接默认 / 语句动作","Enables event triggers.","When enabled, event triggers will fire for all applicable statements.",superuser,bool,default,,,,on,on,,,f)
(exit_on_error,off,,错误处理,只要遇错即终止会话.,,user,bool,default,,,,off,off,,,f)
(extra_float_digits,1,,"客户端联接默认 / 本地化和格式化",设置浮点数显示的位数.,"这将影响实数,双精度类型和几何数据类型.零或负参数值被加到位数的标准数量(视情况而定，可能是FLT_DIG或DBL_DIG).任何大于零的值都会选择精确的输出模式. ",user,integer,default,-15,3,,1,1,,,f
(from_collapse_limit,8,,"查询调整 / 其它规划器选项",所设置的FROM列表大小超过子查询所允许的最大长度,"如果所产生的FROM列表成员不超过上层查询的相应的数量,那么计划器会把子查询合并到上层查询中.",user,integer,default,1,2147483647,,8,8,,,f) (fsync,on,,"预写式日志 / 设置",强制和磁盘同步更新,"The server will use the fsync() system call in several places to make sure that updates are physically written to disk. This ensures that a database cluster will recover to a consistent state after an operating system or hardware crash.",sighup,bool,default,,,,on,on,,,f)
(full_page_writes,on,,"预写式日志 / 设置",在检查点事件发生后发生第一次修改数据时，把所有的页写到WAL文件中,"在操作系统崩溃过程中正在写入的页上的数据可能已经部分写入磁盘.在恢复期间,在WAL文件中所保存的已改变记录不足以进行恢复.当对WAL发生检查点事件后进行第一次修改操作时这个选项可以写入页。这样将允许进行完全恢复.",sighup,bool,default,,,,on,on,,,
(geqo,on,,"查询调整 / 基因查询优化",启用基因查询优化.,算法企图执行不带有无穷搜索的计划.,user,bool,default,,,,on,on,,,f)
(geqo_effort,5,,"查询调整 / 基因查询优化","GEQO: 为其它GEQO参数设置缺省值",,user,integer,default,1,10,,5,5,,,f)
(geqo_generations,0,,"查询调整 / 基因查询优化","GEQO: 算法的迭代次数",没有选择出一个合适的缺省值,user,integer,default,0,2147483647,,0,0,,,f)
(geqo_pool_size,0,,"查询调整 / 基因查询优化","GEQO: 人群 (population) 个体 (individual) 数",没有选择出一个合适的缺省值,user,integer,default,0,2147483647,,0,0,,,f)
(geqo_seed,0,,"查询调整 / 基因查询优化",GEQO:用于随机路径选择的种子.,,user,real,default,0,1,,0,0,,,f)
(geqo_selection_bias,2,,"查询调整 / 基因查询优化","GEQO: 在总体中的选择性压力",,user,real,default,1.5,2,,2,2,,,f)
(geqo_threshold,12,,"查询调整 / 基因查询优化",设置超过GEQO使用的FROM列表成员数量门限值.,,user,integer,default,2,2147483647,,12,12,,,f)
(gin_fuzzy_search_limit,0,,"客户端联接默认 / 其它默认",设置由GIN进行的精确搜索所允许的最大允许结果.,,user,integer,default,0,2147483647,,0,0,,,f)
(gin_pending_list_limit,4096,kB,"客户端联接默认 / 语句动作",为GIN索引设置待处理列表的最大尺寸。,,user,integer,default,64,2097151,,4096,4096,,,f)
(gss_accept_delegation,off,,"连接和身份验证 / 身份验证","Sets whether GSSAPI delegation should be accepted from the client.",,sighup,bool,default,,,,off,off,,,f)
(hash_mem_multiplier,2,,"资源使用 / 内存","Multiple of ""work_mem"" to use for hash tables.",,user,real,default,1,1000,,2,2,,,f)
(hot_standby,on,,"复制 / 备用服务器",允许在恢复期间进行连接和查询.,,postmaster,bool,default,,,,on,on,,,f)
(hot_standby_feedback,off,,"复制 / 备用服务器",允许来自热备节点到主节点的响应，以避免查询冲突.,,sighup,bool,default,,,,off,off,,,f)
(huge_page_size,0,kB,"资源使用 / 内存","The size of huge page that should be requested.",,postmaster,integer,default,0,2147483647,,0,0,,,f)
(huge_pages,try,,"资源使用 / 内存",在Linux或Windows上使用大页面.,,postmaster,enum,default,,,"{off,on,try}",try,try,,,f)
(huge_pages_status,off,,预置选项,"Indicates the status of huge pages.",,internal,enum,default,,,"{off,on,unknown}",unknown,off,,,f)
(icu_validation_level,warning,,"客户端联接默认 / 本地化和格式化","Log level for reporting invalid ICU locale strings.",,user,enum,default,,,"{disabled,debug5,debug4,debug3,debug2,debug1,log,notice,warning,error}",warning,warning,,,f) (idle_in_transaction_session_timeout,0,ms,"客户端联接默认 / 语句动作","Sets the maximum allowed idle time between queries, when in a transaction.","值为 0 的时候关闭超时.",user,integer,default,0,2147483647,,0,0,,,f)
(idle_session_timeout,0,ms,"客户端联接默认 / 语句动作","Sets the maximum allowed idle time between queries, when not in a transaction.","值为 0 的时候关闭超时.",user,integer,default,0,2147483647,,0,0,,,f)
(ignore_checksum_failure,off,,开发人员选项,校验失败后继续处理.,"发现校验失败通常会使PostgreSQL报告一个错误, 并中止当前事务.将参数zero_damaged_pages设置为true可以使系统忽略失败(只报告一个警告信息)，并且能够继续处理当前事务.这种情况将导致系统崩溃或者其它严重问题，这也只有在启用校验时才有效.",superuser,bool,default,,,,off,off,,,f
(ignore_invalid_pages,off,,开发人员选项,"Continues recovery after an invalid pages failure.","Detection of WAL records having references to invalid pages during recovery causes PostgreSQL to raise a PANIC-level error, aborting the recovery. Setting ""ignore_invalid_pages"" to true causes the system to ignore invalid page references in WAL records (but still report a warning), and continue recovery. This behavior may cause crashes, data loss, propagate or hide corruption, or other serious problems. Only has an effect during recovery or in standby mode.",postmaster,bool,default,,,,off,off,,,f)
(ignore_system_indexes,off,,开发人员选项,禁止从系统索引中进行读操作,这不能防止更新索引，所以应该安全的使用。最糟糕的结果是使系统性能变慢.,backend,bool,default,,,,off,off,,,f)
(in_hot_standby,off,,预置选项,"Shows whether hot standby is currently active.",,internal,bool,default,,,,off,off,,,f)
(integer_datetimes,on,,预置选项,"Shows whether datetimes are integer based.",,internal,bool,default,,,,on,on,,,f)
(IntervalStyle,postgres,,"客户端联接默认 / 本地化和格式化",设置时间间隔值的显示格式.,,user,enum,default,,,"{postgres,postgres_verbose,sql_standard,iso_8601}",postgres,postgres,,,f)
(io_combine_limit,16,8kB,"资源使用 / 异步系统行为","Limit on the size of data reads and writes.",,user,integer,default,1,16,,16,16,,,f)
(jit,on,,"查询调整 / 其它规划器选项",允许JIT编译.,,user,bool,default,,,,on,on,,,f)
(jit_above_cost,100000,,"查询调整 / Planner Cost Constants",如果查询更昂贵，则执行JIT编译.,使用-1禁用JIT编译.,user,real,default,-1,1.79769e+308,,100000,100000,,,f)
(jit_debugging_support,off,,开发人员选项,"Register JIT-compiled functions with debugger.",,superuser-backend,bool,default,,,,off,off,,,f)
(jit_dump_bitcode,off,,开发人员选项,写出LLVM比特码，便于JIT调试.,,superuser,bool,default,,,,off,off,,,f)
(jit_expressions,on,,开发人员选项,允许JIT编译表达式.,,user,bool,default,,,,on,on,,,f)
(jit_inline_above_cost,500000,,"查询调整 / Planner Cost Constants",如果查询更昂贵，则执行JIT内联.,使用-1禁用内联.,user,real,default,-1,1.79769e+308,,500000,500000,,,f)
(jit_optimize_above_cost,500000,,"查询调整 / Planner Cost Constants","Optimize JIT-compiled functions if query is more expensive.",使用-1禁用优化.,user,real,default,-1,1.79769e+308,,500000,500000,,,f)
(jit_profiling_support,off,,开发人员选项,"Register JIT-compiled functions with perf profiler.",,superuser-backend,bool,default,,,,off,off,,,f)
(jit_tuple_deforming,on,,开发人员选项,允许对元组变形进行JIT编译.,,user,bool,default,,,,on,on,,,f)
(join_collapse_limit,8,,"查询调整 / 其它规划器选项",设置的FROM列表大小超过没有展平的JOIN结构大小.,"无论什么时候产生不超过这个数量的成员,计划器都将显式的JOIN结构展平到FROM子句后面的成员列表中.",user,integer,default,1,2147483647,,8,8,,,f
(krb_caseins_users,off,,"连接和身份验证 / 身份验证","设置 Kerberos和GSSAPI的用户名是否应该区分大小写.",,sighup,bool,default,,,,off,off,,,f)
(lc_messages,zh-CN,,"客户端联接默认 / 本地化和格式化",设置信息显示语言.,,superuser,string,"configuration file",,,,"",zh-CN,,,f)
(lc_monetary,zh-CN,,"客户端联接默认 / 本地化和格式化","为货币数量格式设置 locale.",,user,string,"configuration file",,,,C,zh-CN,,,f)
(lc_numeric,zh-CN,,"客户端联接默认 / 本地化和格式化","为数字格式设置 locale",,user,string,"configuration file",,,,C,zh-CN,,,f)
(lc_time,zh-CN,,"客户端联接默认 / 本地化和格式化","为日期和时间值格式设置 locale",,user,string,"configuration file",,,,C,zh-CN,,,f)
(listen_addresses,*,,"联接和认证 / 联接设置","设置监听的主机名或 IP 地址.",,postmaster,string,"configuration file",,,,localhost,*,,,f)
(lo_compat_privileges,off,,"版本和平台兼容性 / 上一个 PostgreSQL 版本",为在大对象上的权限检查启用向后兼容模式.,为了与9.0版本之前的PostgreSQL相兼容，在读取或修改大对象时候不进行权限检查,superuser,bool,default,,,,off,off,,,f
(local_preload_libraries,"",,"客户端联接默认 / 共享库预先加载",列出预先加载到每个后台进程的非优先的共享库.,,user,string,default,,,,"","",,,f)
(lock_timeout,0,ms,"客户端联接默认 / 语句动作",等待锁的的最长时间值.,"值为 0 的时候关闭超时.",user,integer,default,0,2147483647,,0,0,,,f)
(log_autovacuum_min_duration,600000,ms,"报告和日志 / 日志内容","设置最小执行时间,如果autovacuum操作时间大于等于这个值，那么将记录这些操作.",0表示打印出所有的操作.-1表示关闭对autovacuum的日志记录功能,sighup,integer,default,-1,2147483647,,600000,600000,,,f
(log_checkpoints,on,,"报告和日志 / 日志内容",记录每一个检查点事件,,sighup,bool,default,,,,on,on,,,f)
(log_connections,off,,"报告和日志 / 日志内容",记录每一个成功的联接.,,superuser-backend,bool,default,,,,off,off,,,f)
(log_destination,stderr,,"报告和日志 / 日志位置",设置服务器日志输出目标.,"Valid values are combinations of ""stderr"", ""syslog"", ""csvlog"", ""jsonlog"", and ""eventlog"", depending on the platform.",sighup,string,"configuration file",,,,stderr,stderr,,,f)
(log_disconnections,off,,"报告和日志 / 日志内容",对会话的结束时间和整个会话的持续时间进行日志记录,,superuser-backend,bool,default,,,,off,off,,,f)
(log_duration,off,,"报告和日志 / 日志内容","记录每一条完成了的 SQL 语句过程.",,superuser,bool,default,,,,off,off,,,f)
(log_error_verbosity,default,,"报告和日志 / 日志内容",设置日志信息的冗长.,,superuser,enum,default,,,"{terse,default,verbose}",default,default,,,f)
(log_executor_stats,off,,"统计信息 / 监控","把执行器 (executor) 性能统计信息写入到服务器日志中.",,superuser,bool,default,,,,off,off,,,f)
(log_file_mode,0640,,"报告和日志 / 日志位置",设置日志文件的文件访问权限.,"参数值期望使用数值模式来指定, 它的形式应该是系统调用chmod和umask可接受的.(为了使用习惯上以0开头的八进制格式数值)",sighup,integer,"configuration file",0,511,,384,416,,,f)
(log_hostname,off,,"报告和日志 / 日志内容",在联接日志中记录主机名.,"在缺省情况下,连接日志只显示每个正在连接主机的IP地址.如果想要显示主机名，那么必须把它打开，但是这取决于主机名解析的设置，这在性能上不会有影响.",sighup,bool,default,,,,off,off,,,f
(log_line_prefix,"%t ",,"报告和日志 / 日志内容",将控制信息作为每条日志文本的前缀,"如果是空的,那么不使用前缀",sighup,string,"configuration file",,,,"%m [%p] ","%t ",,,f)
(log_lock_waits,off,,"报告和日志 / 日志内容",对长时间的锁等待记日志,,superuser,bool,default,,,,off,off,,,f)
(log_min_duration_sample,-1,ms,"报告和日志 / 日志时间","Sets the minimum execution time above which a sample of statements will be logged. Sampling is determined by log_statement_sample_rate.","Zero logs a sample of all queries. -1 turns this feature off.",superuser,integer,default,-1,2147483647,,-1,-1,,,f)
(log_min_duration_statement,-1,ms,"报告和日志 / 日志时间","Sets the minimum execution time above which all statements will be logged.","Zero prints all queries. -1 turns this feature off.",superuser,integer,default,-1,2147483647,,-1,-1,,,f)
(log_min_error_statement,error,,"报告和日志 / 日志时间","在此级别或以上级别, 所有语句产生的错误将被记录.","每一层都包含在这一层后面的层次, 对于越往后的层次，就会发送越少的消息.",superuser,enum,default,,,"{debug5,debug4,debug3,debug2,debug1,info,notice,warning,error,log,fatal,panic}",error,error,,,f
(log_min_messages,warning,,"报告和日志 / 日志时间",设置日志记录的信息级别.,"每一层都包含在这一层后面的层次, 对于越往后的层次，就会发送越少的消息.",superuser,enum,default,,,"{debug5,debug4,debug3,debug2,debug1,info,notice,warning,error,log,fatal,panic}",warning,warning,,,f)
(log_parameter_max_length,-1,B,"报告和日志 / 日志内容","Sets the maximum length in bytes of data logged for bind parameter values when logging statements.","-1 to print values in full.",superuser,integer,default,-1,1073741823,,-1,-1,,,f)
(log_parameter_max_length_on_error,0,B,"报告和日志 / 日志内容","Sets the maximum length in bytes of data logged for bind parameter values when logging statements, on error.","-1 to print values in full.",user,integer,default,-1,1073741823,,0,0,,,f)
(log_parser_stats,off,,"统计信息 / 监控",把分析器性能统计信息写入到服务器日志中.,,superuser,bool,default,,,,off,off,,,f)
(log_planner_stats,off,,"统计信息 / 监控",把规划器性能统计信息写入到服务器日志中.,,superuser,bool,default,,,,off,off,,,f)
(log_recovery_conflict_waits,off,,"报告和日志 / 日志内容","Logs standby recovery conflict waits.",,sighup,bool,default,,,,off,off,,,f)
(log_replication_commands,off,,"报告和日志 / 日志内容",记录每一个复制命令。,,superuser,bool,default,,,,off,off,,,f)
(log_rotation_age,1440,min,"报告和日志 / 日志位置","Sets the amount of time to wait before forcing log file rotation.",,sighup,integer,default,0,35791394,,1440,1440,,,f)
(log_rotation_size,10240,kB,"报告和日志 / 日志位置","Sets the maximum size a log file can reach before being rotated.",,sighup,integer,default,0,2097151,,10240,10240,,,f)
(log_startup_progress_interval,10000,ms,"报告和日志 / 日志时间","Time between progress updates for long-running startup operations.","0 turns this feature off.",sighup,integer,default,0,2147483647,,10000,10000,,,f)
(log_statement,none,,"报告和日志 / 日志内容",设置记录语句的类型.,,superuser,enum,default,,,"{none,ddl,mod,all}",none,none,,,f)
(log_statement_sample_rate,1,,"报告和日志 / 日志时间","Fraction of statements exceeding ""log_min_duration_sample"" to be logged.","Use a value between 0.0 (never log) and 1.0 (always log).",superuser,real,default,0,1,,1,1,,,f)
(log_statement_stats,off,,"统计信息 / 监控","把 cumulative 性能统计信息写入到服务器日志中.",,superuser,bool,default,,,,off,off,,,f)
(log_temp_files,-1,kB,"报告和日志 / 日志内容","记录对超过这个数量(以千字节为单位)的临时文件的使用.","如果设置为0，打印所有查询. 默认值为 -1 (表示关闭此功能).",superuser,integer,default,-1,2147483647,,-1,-1,,,f)
(log_timezone,Asia/Shanghai,,"报告和日志 / 日志内容",设置在日志消息中使用的时间区域,,sighup,string,"configuration file",,,,GMT,Asia/Shanghai,,,f)
(log_transaction_sample_rate,0,,"报告和日志 / 日志时间","Sets the fraction of transactions from which to log all statements.","Use a value between 0.0 (never log) and 1.0 (log all statements for all transactions).",superuser,real,default,0,1,,0,0,,,f)
(log_truncate_on_rotation,off,,"报告和日志 / 日志位置",在日志切换期间截断相同名称的日志文件,,sighup,bool,default,,,,off,off,,,f)
(logging_collector,on,,"报告和日志 / 日志位置","Start a subprocess to capture stderr, csvlog and/or jsonlog into log files.",,postmaster,bool,"configuration file",,,,off,on,,,f)
(logical_decoding_work_mem,65536,kB,"资源使用 / 内存","Sets the maximum memory to be used for logical decoding.","This much memory can be used by each internal reorder buffer before spilling to disk.",user,integer,default,64,2097151,,65536,65536,,,f)
(maintenance_io_concurrency,0,,"资源使用 / 异步系统行为","A variant of ""effective_io_concurrency"" that is used for maintenance work.",,user,integer,default,0,1000,,0,0,,,f)
(maintenance_work_mem,65536,kB,"资源使用 / 内存",设置维护操作使用的最大内存数.,"此处动作包括 VACUUM 和 CREATE INDEX.",user,integer,default,64,2097151,,65536,65536,,,f)
(max_connections,100,,"联接和认证 / 联接设置",设置并发联接的最大个数.,,postmaster,integer,"configuration file",1,262143,,100,100,,,f)
(max_files_per_process,1000,,"资源使用 / 内核资源",设置每一个服务器进程同时打开文件的最大个数.,,postmaster,integer,default,64,2147483647,,1000,1000,,,f)
(max_function_args,100,,预置选项,显示函数参数的最大个数.,,internal,integer,default,100,100,,100,100,,,f)
(max_identifier_length,63,,预置选项,显示标识符最大长度,,internal,integer,default,63,63,,63,63,,,f)
(max_index_keys,32,,预置选项,显示索引键值的最大个数.,,internal,integer,default,32,32,,32,32,,,f)
(max_locks_per_transaction,64,,锁管理,设置每一个事物锁的最大个数.,"The shared lock table is sized on the assumption that at most ""max_locks_per_transaction"" objects per server process or prepared transaction will need to be locked at any one time.",postmaster,integer,default,10,2147483647,,64,64,,,f)
(max_logical_replication_workers,4,,"复制 / 订阅者",逻辑复制工作进程的最大数目.,,postmaster,integer,default,0,262143,,4,4,,,f)
(max_notify_queue_pages,1048576,,资源使用/磁盘,"Sets the maximum number of allocated pages for NOTIFY / LISTEN queue.",,postmaster,integer,default,64,2147483647,,1048576,1048576,,,f)
(max_parallel_apply_workers_per_subscription,2,,"复制 / 订阅者","Maximum number of parallel apply workers per subscription.",,sighup,integer,default,0,1024,,2,2,,,f)
(max_parallel_maintenance_workers,2,,"资源使用 / 异步系统行为",设置每个维护操作的最大并行进程数.,,user,integer,default,0,1024,,2,2,,,f)
(max_parallel_workers,8,,"资源使用 / 异步系统行为",设置一次可以激活的最大并行工作数.,,user,integer,default,0,1024,,8,8,,,f)
(max_parallel_workers_per_gather,2,,"资源使用 / 异步系统行为",设定一个执行器节点上的最大并行进程数。,,user,integer,default,0,1024,,2,2,,,f)
(max_pred_locks_per_page,2,,锁管理,设置每页断言锁定元组的最大数目.,如果一个连接锁定了同一页上超过此数目的元组，则这些锁将被页级锁替换.,sighup,integer,default,0,2147483647,,2,2,,,f
(max_pred_locks_per_relation,-2,,锁管理,设置每个关系的断言锁定页和元组的最大数目.,如果一个连接锁定了同一关系中超过此总数的页和元组，则这些锁将替换为关系级别锁.,sighup,integer,default,-2147483648,2147483647,,-2,-2,,,f)
(max_pred_locks_per_transaction,64,,锁管理,设置每一个事物的断言锁的最大个数.,"The shared predicate lock table is sized on the assumption that at most ""max_pred_locks_per_transaction"" objects per server process or prepared transaction will need to be locked at any one time.",postmaster,integer,default,10,2147483647,,64,64,,,f)
(max_prepared_transactions,0,,"资源使用 / 内存",设置同步的已准备好事务的最大个数.,,postmaster,integer,default,0,262143,,0,0,,,f)
(max_replication_slots,10,,复制/发送服务器,设置同步的已定义复制槽的最大数.,,postmaster,integer,default,0,262143,,10,10,,,f)
(max_slot_wal_keep_size,-1,MB,复制/发送服务器,"Sets the maximum WAL size that can be reserved by replication slots.","Replication slots will be marked as failed, and segments released for deletion or recycling, if this much space is occupied by WAL on disk.",sighup,integer,default,-1,2097151,,-1,-1,,,f)
(max_stack_depth,2048,kB,"资源使用 / 内存",设置最大的堆栈深度，单位是千字节.,,superuser,integer,default,100,2097151,,100,2048,,,f)
(max_standby_archive_delay,30000,ms,"复制 / 备用服务器",当热备服务器在处理已归档的WAL数据时，在取消查询请求前设置最大的延迟.,,sighup,integer,default,-1,2147483647,,30000,30000,,,f
(max_standby_streaming_delay,30000,ms,"复制 / 备用服务器",当热备服务器在处理通过流复制的WAL数据时，在取消查询请求前设置最大的延迟.,,sighup,integer,default,-1,2147483647,,30000,30000,,,f
(max_sync_workers_per_subscription,2,,"复制 / 订阅者",每个订阅的表同步工作线程的最大数目.,,sighup,integer,default,0,262143,,2,2,,,f)
(max_wal_senders,10,,复制/发送服务器,设置同时运行的WAL发送进程最大数量,,postmaster,integer,default,0,262143,,10,10,,,f)
(max_wal_size,1024,MB,"预写式日志 / Checkpoints",设置触发一次检查点的WAL尺寸。,,sighup,integer,"configuration file",2,2097151,,1024,1024,,,f)
(max_worker_processes,8,,"资源使用 / 异步系统行为",最大并发工作进程数.,,postmaster,integer,default,0,262143,,8,8,,,f)
(min_dynamic_shared_memory,0,MB,"资源使用 / 内存","Amount of dynamic shared memory reserved at startup.",,postmaster,integer,default,0,2147483647,,0,0,,,f)
(min_parallel_index_scan_size,64,8kB,"查询调整 / Planner Cost Constants",设置并行扫描的最小索引数据量.,如果查询计划器估计它将读取的索引页太小，无法达到此限制，则不会考虑并行扫描.,user,integer,default,0,715827882,,64,64,,,f
(min_parallel_table_scan_size,1024,8kB,"查询调整 / Planner Cost Constants",为并行扫描设置表数据的最小量.,如果查询计划器估计它将读取的表页太小，无法达到此限制，则不会考虑并行扫描.,user,integer,default,0,715827882,,1024,1024,,,f
(min_wal_size,80,MB,"预写式日志 / Checkpoints",设置要把WAL收缩到的最小尺寸。,,sighup,integer,"configuration file",2,2097151,,80,80,,,f)
(multixact_member_buffers,32,8kB,"资源使用 / 内存","Sets the size of the dedicated buffer pool used for the MultiXact member cache.",,postmaster,integer,default,16,131072,,32,32,,,f)
(multixact_offset_buffers,16,8kB,"资源使用 / 内存","Sets the size of the dedicated buffer pool used for the MultiXact offset cache.",,postmaster,integer,default,16,131072,,16,16,,,f)
(notify_buffers,16,8kB,"资源使用 / 内存","Sets the size of the dedicated buffer pool used for the LISTEN/NOTIFY message cache.",,postmaster,integer,default,16,131072,,16,16,,,f)
(parallel_leader_participation,on,,"资源使用 / 异步系统行为",控制收集和收集合并是否也运行子计划.,"Should gather nodes also run subplans or just gather tuples?",user,bool,default,,,,on,on,,,f)
(parallel_setup_cost,1000,,"查询调整 / Planner Cost Constants",设定规划器对于启动并行查询的工作者进程的代价估计。,,user,real,default,0,1.79769e+308,,1000,1000,,,f)
(parallel_tuple_cost,0.1,,"查询调整 / Planner Cost Constants","Sets the planner's estimate of the cost of passing each tuple (row) from worker to leader backend.",,user,real,default,0,1.79769e+308,,0.1,0.1,,,f)
(password_encryption,scram-sha-256,,"连接和身份验证 / 身份验证","Chooses the algorithm for encrypting passwords.",,user,enum,default,,,"{md5,scram-sha-256}",scram-sha-256,scram-sha-256,,,f)
(plan_cache_mode,auto,,"查询调整 / 其它规划器选项",控制规划器对自定义或常规计划的选择.,"准备好的语句可以有定制的和通用的计划, 计划员将尝试选择哪个更好. 这可以设置为覆盖默认行为.",user,enum,default,,,"{auto,force_generic_plan,force_custom_plan}",auto,auto,,,f)
(port,5432,,"联接和认证 / 联接设置","设置服务器监听的 TCP 端口号.",,postmaster,integer,"configuration file",1,65535,,5432,5432,,,f)
(post_auth_delay,0,s,开发人员选项,"Sets the amount of time to wait after authentication on connection startup.",允许将调试器添加到进程,backend,integer,default,0,2147,,0,0,,,f)
(pre_auth_delay,0,s,开发人员选项,"Sets the amount of time to wait before authentication on connection startup.",允许将调试器添加到进程,sighup,integer,default,0,60,,0,0,,,f)
(primary_slot_name,"",,"复制 / 备用服务器",设置要在发送服务器上使用的复制槽的名称.,,sighup,string,default,,,,"","",,,f)
(quote_all_identifiers,off,,"版本和平台兼容性 / 上一个 PostgreSQL 版本",在生成SQL片段时，对所有标识符加引号括起来.,,user,bool,default,,,,off,off,,,f)
(random_page_cost,4,,"查询调整 / Planner Cost Constants",设置计划器对非顺序获取磁盘页的开销估算.,,user,real,default,0,1.79769e+308,,4,4,,,f)
(recovery_end_command,"",,"预写式日志 / 归档恢复",设置将在恢复结束时执行一次的shell命令.,,sighup,string,default,,,,"","",,,f)
(recovery_init_sync_method,fsync,,错误处理,"Sets the method for synchronizing the data directory before crash recovery.",,sighup,enum,default,,,{fsync},fsync,fsync,,,f)
(recovery_min_apply_delay,0,ms,"复制 / 备用服务器",设置恢复期间应用更改的最小延迟.,,sighup,integer,default,0,2147483647,,0,0,,,f)
(recovery_prefetch,try,,"Write-Ahead Log / Recovery","Prefetch referenced blocks during recovery.","Look ahead in the WAL to find references to uncached data.",sighup,enum,default,,,"{off,on,try}",try,try,,,f)
(recovery_target,"",,"预写式日志 / 恢复目标","Set to ""immediate"" to end recovery as soon as a consistent state is reached.",,postmaster,string,default,,,,"","",,,f)
(recovery_target_action,pause,,"预写式日志 / 恢复目标",设置到达恢复目标时要执行的操作.,,postmaster,enum,default,,,"{pause,promote,shutdown}",pause,pause,,,f)
(recovery_target_inclusive,on,,"预写式日志 / 恢复目标",设置是否包括或排除具有恢复目标的事务.,,postmaster,bool,default,,,,on,on,,,f)
(recovery_target_lsn,"",,"预写式日志 / 恢复目标",设置预写式日志位置的LSN，恢复将继续进行.,,postmaster,string,default,,,,"","",,,f)
(recovery_target_name,"",,"预写式日志 / 恢复目标",设置将继续进行恢复的命名还原点.,,postmaster,string,default,,,,"","",,,f)
(recovery_target_time,"",,"预写式日志 / 恢复目标",设置恢复将要进行的时间戳.,,postmaster,string,default,,,,"","",,,f) (recovery_target_timeline,latest,,"预写式日志 / 恢复目标","Specifies the timeline to recover into.",,postmaster,string,default,,,,latest,latest,,,f)
(recovery_target_xid,"",,"预写式日志 / 恢复目标",设置要进行恢复的事务ID.,,postmaster,string,default,,,,"","",,,f)
(recursive_worktable_factor,10,,"查询调整 / 其它规划器选项","Sets the planner's estimate of the average size of a recursive query's working table.",,user,real,default,0.001,1e+06,,10,10,,,f)
(remove_temp_files_after_crash,on,,开发人员选项,"Remove temporary files after backend crash.",,sighup,bool,default,,,,on,on,,,f)
(reserved_connections,0,,"联接和认证 / 联接设置","Sets the number of connection slots reserved for roles with privileges of pg_use_reserved_connections.",,postmaster,integer,default,0,262143,,0,0,,,f)
(restart_after_crash,on,,错误处理,后端服务器崩溃时重新初始化服务器.,,sighup,bool,default,,,,on,on,,,f)
(restore_command,"",,"预写式日志 / 归档恢复","Sets the shell command that will be called to retrieve an archived WAL file.",,sighup,string,default,,,,"","",,,f)
(restrict_nonsystem_relation_kind,"",,"客户端联接默认 / 语句动作","Prohibits access to non-system relations of specified kinds.",,user,string,default,,,,"","",,,f)
(row_security,on,,"客户端联接默认 / 语句动作",启用行安全。,当被启用时，行安全性将被应用到所有用户。,user,bool,default,,,,on,on,,,f)
(scram_iterations,4096,,"连接和身份验证 / 身份验证","Sets the iteration count for SCRAM secret generation.",,user,integer,default,1,2147483647,,4096,4096,,,f)
(search_path,"""$user"", public",,"客户端联接默认 / 语句动作",为不是模式限定的名称设置模式搜索顺序,,user,string,default,,,,"""$user"", public","""$user"", public",,,f)
(segment_size,131072,8kB,预置选项,显示在每个磁盘文件中页的数量.,,internal,integer,default,131072,131072,,131072,131072,,,f)
(send_abort_for_crash,off,,开发人员选项,"Send SIGABRT not SIGQUIT to child processes after backend crash.",,sighup,bool,default,,,,off,off,,,f)
(send_abort_for_kill,off,,开发人员选项,"Send SIGABRT not SIGKILL to stuck child processes.",,sighup,bool,default,,,,off,off,,,f)
(seq_page_cost,1,,"查询调整 / Planner Cost Constants",设置计划器对顺序获取磁盘页的开销估算,,user,real,default,0,1.79769e+308,,1,1,,,f)
(serializable_buffers,32,8kB,"资源使用 / 内存","Sets the size of the dedicated buffer pool used for the serializable transaction cache.",,postmaster,integer,default,16,131072,,32,32,,,f)
(server_encoding,UTF8,,预置选项,"Shows the server (database) character set encoding.",,internal,string,default,,,,SQL_ASCII,UTF8,,,f)
(server_version,17.6,,预置选项,显示服务器版本信息.,,internal,string,default,,,,17.6,17.6,,,f)
(server_version_num,170006,,预置选项,以整数的形式显示服务器版本信息.,,internal,integer,default,170006,170006,,170006,170006,,,f)
(session_replication_role,origin,,"客户端联接默认 / 语句动作",为触发器和重写规则设置会话的行为,,superuser,enum,default,,,"{origin,replica,local}",origin,origin,,,f)
(shared_buffers,16384,8kB,"资源使用 / 内存",设置服务器使用的共享内存缓冲区的数量.,,postmaster,integer,"configuration file",16,1073741823,,16384,16384,,,f)
(shared_memory_size,143,MB,预置选项,"Shows the size of the server's main shared memory area (rounded up to the nearest MB).",,internal,integer,default,0,2147483647,,0,143,,,f)
(shared_memory_size_in_huge_pages,-1,,预置选项,"Shows the number of huge pages needed for the main shared memory area.","-1 indicates that the value could not be determined.",internal,integer,default,-1,2147483647,,-1,-1,,,f)
(shared_memory_type,windows,,"资源使用 / 内存",选择用于主共享内存区域的共享内存实现.,,postmaster,enum,default,,,{windows},windows,windows,,,f)
(ssl,off,,"联接和身份认证 / SSL","启用 SSL 联接.",,sighup,bool,default,,,,off,off,,,f)
(ssl_ca_file,"",,"联接和身份认证 / SSL",SSL证书授权文件的位置.,,sighup,string,default,,,,"","",,,f)
(ssl_cert_file,server.crt,,"联接和身份认证 / SSL",SSL服务器证书文件的位置.,,sighup,string,default,,,,server.crt,server.crt,,,f)
(ssl_crl_dir,"",,"联接和身份认证 / SSL","Location of the SSL certificate revocation list directory.",,sighup,string,default,,,,"","",,,f)
(ssl_crl_file,"",,"联接和身份认证 / SSL",SSL证书撤销列表文件的位置.,,sighup,string,default,,,,"","",,,f)
(ssl_key_file,server.key,,"联接和身份认证 / SSL",SSL服务器私钥文件的位置.,,sighup,string,default,,,,server.key,server.key,,,f)
(ssl_library,OpenSSL,,预置选项,"Shows the name of the SSL library.",,internal,string,default,,,,OpenSSL,OpenSSL,,,f) (ssl_passphrase_command_supports_reload,off,,"联接和身份认证 / SSL","Controls whether ""ssl_passphrase_command"" is called during server reload.",,sighup,bool,default,,,,off,off,,,f)
(ssl_prefer_server_ciphers,on,,"联接和身份认证 / SSL",为服务器密码组的顺序提供优先.,,sighup,bool,default,,,,on,on,,,f)
(standard_conforming_strings,on,,"版本和平台兼容性 / 上一个 PostgreSQL 版本","使字符串'...' 按照字面含义处理反斜线",,user,bool,default,,,,on,on,,,f)
(statement_timeout,0,ms,"客户端联接默认 / 语句动作","设置任何语句执行时间的最大值 (单位毫秒).","值为 0 的时候关闭超时.",user,integer,default,0,2147483647,,0,0,,,f
(stats_fetch_consistency,cache,,"Statistics / Cumulative Query and Index Statistics","Sets the consistency of accesses to statistics data.",,user,enum,default,,,"{none,cache,snapshot}",cache,cache,,,f)
(subtransaction_buffers,32,8kB,"资源使用 / 内存","Sets the size of the dedicated buffer pool used for the subtransaction cache.","Specify 0 to have this value determined as a fraction of shared_buffers.",postmaster,integer,default,0,131072,,0,32,,,f)
(summarize_wal,off,,"Write-Ahead Log / Summarization","Starts the WAL summarizer process to enable incremental backup.",,sighup,bool,default,,,,off,off,,,f)
(superuser_reserved_connections,3,,"联接和认证 / 联接设置",设置为超级用户保留的联接数.,,postmaster,integer,default,0,262143,,3,3,,,f)
(sync_replication_slots,off,,"复制 / 备用服务器","Enables a physical standby to synchronize logical failover replication slots from the primary server.",,sighup,bool,default,,,,off,off,,,f)
(synchronize_seqscans,on,,"版本和平台兼容性 / 上一个 PostgreSQL 版本",启用同步序列扫描,,user,bool,default,,,,on,on,,,f)
(synchronized_standby_slots,"",,"Replication / Primary Server","Lists streaming replication standby server replication slot names that logical WAL sender processes will wait for.","Logical WAL sender processes will send decoded changes to output plugins only after the specified replication slots have confirmed receiving WAL.",sighup,string,default,,,,"","",,,f)
(synchronous_commit,on,,"预写式日志 / 设置",设置当前事物的同步级别.,,user,enum,default,,,"{local,remote_write,remote_apply,on,off}",on,on,,,f)
(synchronous_standby_names,"",,"Replication / Primary Server",同步后备的数量以及潜在的同步后备的名称列表。,,sighup,string,default,,,,"","",,,f)
(syslog_facility,none,,"报告和日志 / 日志位置","当启用系统日志 (syslog), 设置系统日志使用 ""facility"".",,sighup,enum,default,,,{none},none,none,,,f)
(syslog_ident,postgres,,"报告和日志 / 日志位置","设置在系统日志 (syslog) 中确认 PostgreSQL 信息的程序名.",,sighup,string,default,,,,postgres,postgres,,,f)
(syslog_sequence_numbers,on,,"报告和日志 / 日志位置","向 syslog 消息中增加序号以避免抑制重复。",,sighup,bool,default,,,,on,on,,,f)
(syslog_split_messages,on,,"报告和日志 / 日志位置","将发送给 syslog 的消息用行分离并且让每个部分适合于 1024 字节。",,sighup,bool,default,,,,on,on,,,f)
(tcp_keepalives_count,10,,"Connections and Authentication / TCP Settings",设置每一个事物锁的最大个数.,"Number of consecutive keepalive retransmits that can be lost before a connection is considered dead. A value of 0 uses the system default.",user,integer,default,0,2147483647,,0,0,,,f)
(tcp_keepalives_idle,-1,s,"Connections and Authentication / TCP Settings",启动TCP存活定时器的间隔,值为0的时候表示系统缺省值,user,integer,default,0,2147483647,,0,0,,,f
(tcp_keepalives_interval,-1,s,"Connections and Authentication / TCP Settings",在两次TCP存活启动器重新传送之间需要花费的时间,值为0的时候表示系统缺省值,user,integer,default,0,2147483647,,0,0,,,f
(tcp_user_timeout,0,ms,"Connections and Authentication / TCP Settings",TCP用户超时.,值为0的时候表示系统缺省值,user,integer,default,0,2147483647,,0,0,,,f)
(temp_buffers,1024,8kB,"资源使用 / 内存",设置每个会话可使用的临时缓冲区的最大数量.,,user,integer,default,100,1073741823,,1024,1024,,,f)
(temp_file_limit,-1,kB,资源使用/磁盘,限制每个进程使用的所有临时文件的总大小.,"-1 意指没有限制.",superuser,integer,default,-1,2147483647,,-1,-1,,,f)
(temp_tablespaces,"",,"客户端联接默认 / 语句动作",将表空间设置为用于存放临时表和排序文件,,user,string,default,,,,"","",,,f)
(TimeZone,Asia/Shanghai,,"客户端联接默认 / 本地化和格式化",设置显示和解释时间戳的时区.,,user,string,"configuration file",,,,GMT,Asia/Shanghai,,,f)
(timezone_abbreviations,Default,,"客户端联接默认 / 本地化和格式化",选择时间区域缩写的文件,,user,string,default,,,,,Default,,,f)
(trace_connection_negotiation,off,,开发人员选项,"Logs details of pre-authentication connection handshake.",,postmaster,bool,default,,,,off,off,,,f)
(trace_notify,off,,开发人员选项,"为 LISTEN 和 NOTIFY 生成出错信息.",,user,bool,default,,,,off,off,,,f)
(trace_sort,off,,开发人员选项,发出在排序中关于资源使用的信息.,,user,bool,default,,,,off,off,,,f)
(track_activities,on,,"Statistics / Cumulative Query and Index Statistics",收集执行命令的统计信息.,"在每个会话当前正在执行的命令上启用信息收集, 并带有命令开始执行的时间.",superuser,bool,default,,,,on,on,,,f)
(track_activity_query_size,1024,B,"Statistics / Cumulative Query and Index Statistics",设置为pg_stat_activity.query所保留的空间大小，以字节为单位.,,postmaster,integer,default,100,1048576,,1024,1024,,,f
(track_commit_timestamp,off,,复制/发送服务器,收集事务提交时间。,,postmaster,bool,default,,,,off,off,,,f)
(track_counts,on,,"Statistics / Cumulative Query and Index Statistics",在数据库上正在执行的事务上收集统计信息.,,superuser,bool,default,,,,on,on,,,f)
(track_functions,none,,"Statistics / Cumulative Query and Index Statistics",在数据库运行的事务中收集函数级别统计信息.,,superuser,enum,default,,,"{none,pl,all}",none,none,,,f)
(track_io_timing,off,,"Statistics / Cumulative Query and Index Statistics",为数据库I/O活动进行时间统计.,,superuser,bool,default,,,,off,off,,,f)
(track_wal_io_timing,off,,"Statistics / Cumulative Query and Index Statistics","Collects timing statistics for WAL I/O activity.",,superuser,bool,default,,,,off,off,,,f)
(transaction_buffers,32,8kB,"资源使用 / 内存","Sets the size of the dedicated buffer pool used for the transaction status cache.","Specify 0 to have this value determined as a fraction of shared_buffers.",postmaster,integer,default,0,131072,,0,32,,,f)
(transaction_deferrable,off,,"客户端联接默认 / 语句动作",是否要延期执行一个只读可串行化事务，直到执行时不会出现任何可串行化失败.,,user,bool,override,,,,off,off,,,f
(transaction_isolation,"read committed",,"客户端联接默认 / 语句动作",设置当前事物的隔离级别.,,user,enum,override,,,"{serializable,""repeatable read"",""read committed"",""read uncommitted""}","read committed","read committed",,,f)
(transaction_read_only,off,,"客户端联接默认 / 语句动作",设置当前事务的只读状态.,,user,bool,override,,,,off,off,,,f)
(transaction_timeout,0,ms,"客户端联接默认 / 语句动作","Sets the maximum allowed duration of any transaction within a session (not a prepared transaction).","值为 0 的时候关闭超时.",user,integer,default,0,2147483647,,0,0,,,f)
(transform_null_equals,off,,"版本和平台兼容性 / 其它平台和客户端","""expr=NULL"" 看作为 ""expr IS NULL"".","当打开选项， expr = NULL (或 NULL = expr)形式的表达式会被当作expr IS NUL而进行处理, 那就是说，如果expr计算为空值那么会返回true,否则返回为false。表达式expr = NULL的正确行为应该是永远返回为空（未知)",user,bool,default,,,,off,off,,,f)
(unix_socket_group,"",,"联接和认证 / 联接设置","设置 Unix-domain 套接字的属组.",套接字的属主用户也是起动服务的用户.,postmaster,string,default,,,,"","",,,f)
(unix_socket_permissions,0777,,"联接和认证 / 联接设置","设置 Unix-domain 套接字的访问权限.","Unix-domain 套接字使用普通的Unix文件许可集合.参数值应该是数值模式定义, 它的形式应该是系统调用chmod和umask可接受的.(为了使用习惯上以0开头的八进制格式数值)",postmaster,integer,default,0,511,,511,511,,,f
(update_process_title,off,,"Reporting and Logging / Process Title",更新进程标题来显示处于活动状态的SQL命令,每一次服务器开始运行新的SQL命令时启用进程标题的更新.,superuser,bool,default,,,,off,off,,,f
(vacuum_buffer_usage_limit,2048,kB,"资源使用 / 内存","Sets the buffer pool size for VACUUM, ANALYZE, and autovacuum.",,user,integer,default,0,16777216,,2048,2048,,,f)
(vacuum_cost_delay,0,ms,"资源使用 / 基于开销的Vacuum延迟",Vacuum开销延迟是以毫秒为单位,,user,real,default,0,100,,0,0,,,f)
(vacuum_cost_limit,200,,"资源使用 / 基于开销的Vacuum延迟",在暂停前可用的清理开销总量.,,user,integer,default,1,10000,,200,200,,,f)
(vacuum_cost_page_dirty,20,,"资源使用 / 基于开销的Vacuum延迟",由vacuum进程对脏页进行清理的开销.,,user,integer,default,0,10000,,20,20,,,f)
(vacuum_cost_page_hit,1,,"资源使用 / 基于开销的Vacuum延迟",在缓冲区缓存中找到对于一个页进行清理的开销.,,user,integer,default,0,10000,,1,1,,,f)
(vacuum_cost_page_miss,2,,"资源使用 / 基于开销的Vacuum延迟",在缓冲区缓存中没有找到对于一个页进行清理的开销.,,user,integer,default,0,10000,,2,2,,,f)
(vacuum_failsafe_age,1600000000,,"客户端联接默认 / 语句动作","Age at which VACUUM should trigger failsafe to avoid a wraparound outage.",,user,integer,default,0,2100000000,,1600000000,1600000000,,,f)
(vacuum_freeze_min_age,50000000,,"客户端联接默认 / 语句动作",VACUUM应该冻结一行记录的最小时间.,,user,integer,default,0,1000000000,,50000000,50000000,,,f)
(vacuum_freeze_table_age,150000000,,"客户端联接默认 / 语句动作",这是VACUUM应该扫描整个表来冻结元组的时候.,,user,integer,default,0,2000000000,,150000000,150000000,,,f)
(vacuum_multixact_failsafe_age,1600000000,,"客户端联接默认 / 语句动作","Multixact age at which VACUUM should trigger failsafe to avoid a wraparound outage.",,user,integer,default,0,2100000000,,1600000000,1600000000,,,f)
(vacuum_multixact_freeze_min_age,5000000,,"客户端联接默认 / 语句动作",VACUUM用于冻结表中某行对应的MultiXactId的最小时间范围.,,user,integer,default,0,1000000000,,5000000,5000000,,,f
(vacuum_multixact_freeze_table_age,150000000,,"客户端联接默认 / 语句动作",这是VACUUM应该扫描整个表来冻结元组的事务时间范围.,,user,integer,default,0,2000000000,,150000000,150000000,,,f)
(wal_block_size,8192,,预置选项,显示预写日志中的块大小.,,internal,integer,default,8192,8192,,8192,8192,,,f)
(wal_buffers,512,8kB,"预写式日志 / 设置","为 WAL 设置共享内存中磁盘页缓冲区的个数.","Specify -1 to have this value determined as a fraction of shared_buffers.",postmaster,integer,default,-1,262143,,-1,512,,,f)
(wal_compression,off,,"预写式日志 / 设置","Compresses full-page writes written in WAL file with specified method.",,superuser,enum,default,,,"{pglz,lz4,zstd,on,off}",off,off,,,f)
(wal_consistency_checking,"",,开发人员选项,设置对其进行WAL一致性检查的WAL资源管理器,将记录所有数据块的整页图像，并对照WAL重放结果进行交叉检查.,superuser,string,default,,,,"","",,,f)
(wal_decode_buffer_size,524288,B,"Write-Ahead Log / Recovery","Buffer size for reading ahead in the WAL during recovery.","Maximum distance to read ahead in the WAL to prefetch referenced data blocks.",postmaster,integer,default,65536,1073741823,,524288,524288,,,f)
(wal_init_zero,on,,"预写式日志 / 设置",首次使用前将零写入新的WAL文件.,,superuser,bool,default,,,,on,on,,,f)
(wal_keep_size,0,MB,复制/发送服务器,"Sets the size of WAL files held for standby servers.",,sighup,integer,default,0,2097151,,0,0,,,f)
(wal_level,replica,,"预写式日志 / 设置","Sets the level of information written to the WAL.",,postmaster,enum,default,,,"{minimal,replica,logical}",replica,replica,,,f)
(wal_log_hints,off,,"预写式日志 / 设置","Writes full pages to WAL when first modified after a checkpoint, even for a non-critical modification.",,postmaster,bool,default,,,,off,off,,,f)
(wal_receiver_create_temp_slot,off,,"复制 / 备用服务器","Sets whether a WAL receiver should create a temporary replication slot if no permanent slot is configured.",,sighup,bool,default,,,,off,off,,,f)
(wal_receiver_status_interval,10,s,"复制 / 备用服务器",设置发送服务器的WAL接受进程的状态报告之间的最大间隔.,,sighup,integer,default,0,2147483,,10,10,,,f)
(wal_receiver_timeout,60000,ms,"复制 / 备用服务器",设置从发送服务器上接收数据的最大等待时间.,,sighup,integer,default,0,2147483647,,60000,60000,,,f)
(wal_recycle,on,,"预写式日志 / 设置",通过重命名来回收WAL文件.,,superuser,bool,default,,,,on,on,,,f)
(wal_retrieve_retry_interval,5000,ms,"复制 / 备用服务器",设置在尝试失败后重试检索WAL之前要等待的时间。,,sighup,integer,default,1,2147483647,,5000,5000,,,f)
(wal_segment_size,16777216,B,预置选项,显示预写日志段的大小.,,internal,integer,default,1048576,1073741824,,16777216,16777216,,,f)
(wal_sender_timeout,60000,ms,复制/发送服务器,设置最大时间，等待WAL复制.,,user,integer,default,0,2147483647,,60000,60000,,,f)
(wal_skip_threshold,2048,kB,"预写式日志 / 设置","Minimum size of new file to fsync instead of writing WAL.",,user,integer,default,0,2097151,,2048,2048,,,f)
(wal_summary_keep_time,14400,min,"Write-Ahead Log / Summarization","Time for which WAL summary files should be kept.",,sighup,integer,default,0,35791394,,14400,14400,,,f)
(wal_sync_method,open_datasync,,"预写式日志 / 设置",选择用于强制将WAL缓冲区的内容更新到磁盘的方法.,,sighup,enum,default,,,"{fsync,fdatasync,open_datasync}",open_datasync,open_datasync,,,f)
(wal_writer_delay,200,ms,"预写式日志 / 设置","WAL 写入器中执行 WAL 刷写之间的时间。",,sighup,integer,default,1,10000,,200,200,,,f)
(wal_writer_flush_after,128,8kB,"预写式日志 / 设置","触发一次刷写的 WAL 写入器写出的 WAL 数量。",,sighup,integer,default,0,2147483647,,128,128,,,f)
(work_mem,4096,kB,"资源使用 / 内存",设置查询工作空间使用的最大内存数.,这些内存将可以由每一个内部排序操作和转换到临时磁盘文件之前的散列表来使用,user,integer,default,64,2097151,,4096,4096,,,f)
(xmlbinary,base64,,"客户端联接默认 / 语句动作",设置在XML中如何对二进制的值进行编码.,,user,enum,default,,,"{base64,hex}",base64,base64,,,f)
(xmloption,content,,"客户端联接默认 / 语句动作",设置在隐式分析和串行操作中的XML数据是否被当作文档或者内容片断.,,user,enum,default,,,"{content,document}",content,content,,,f)
(zero_damaged_pages,off,,开发人员选项,继续处理已损坏的页头.,"Detection of a damaged page header normally causes PostgreSQL to report an error, aborting the current transaction. Setting ""zero_damaged_pages"" to true causes the system to instead report a warning, zero out the damaged page, and continue processing. This behavior will destroy data, namely all the rows on the damaged page.",superuser,bool,default,,,,off,off,,,f)
(357 行记录)
可以将上面的内容存储到.csv 格式的文件中.
当然, 我们可以直接使用